Nau'in rini a kan kayan masaku suna da wahalar ganewa da ido tsirara kuma dole ne a tantance su daidai ta hanyoyin sinadarai.Hanyar da muke bi na yau da kullun ita ce dogaro da nau'ikan rini da masana'anta ko mai neman dubawa ke bayarwa, tare da gogewar masu binciken da fahimtar masana'antar kera.yi hukunci.Idan ba mu gano nau'in rini a gaba ba, da alama za a yi la'akari da samfuran da ba su cancanta ba a matsayin samfuran da suka dace, wanda babu shakka yana da babban lahani.Akwai hanyoyin sinadarai da yawa don gano rini, kuma gabaɗayan hanyoyin suna da rikitarwa, masu ɗaukar lokaci da aiki mai ƙarfi.Saboda haka, wannan labarin ya gabatar da hanya mai sauƙi don gano nau'in rini a kan filaye na cellulose a cikin bugu da rini.
ka'ida
Ƙayyade ƙa'idodin hanyoyin ganewa masu sauƙi
Dangane da ka'idar rini na rini akan yadi, nau'ikan rini na gabaɗaya don kayan aikin masana'anta na gama gari sune kamar haka:
Acrylic fiber-cationic launi
Nailan da furotin fibers - rini
Polyester da sauran sinadarai zaruruwa-tarwatsa rini
Cellulosic zaruruwa - kai tsaye, vulcanized, reactive, vat, naftol, coatings da phthalocyanine dyes
Don kayan haɗin da aka haɗa ko haɗaɗɗen saƙa, ana amfani da nau'ikan rini gwargwadon abubuwan da suka haɗa.Misali, don hada-hadar polyester da auduga, ana yin bangaren polyester ne da rini mai tarwatsewa, yayin da aka yi bangaren auduga da nau’ukan rini da aka ambata a sama, kamar tarwatsawa/ auduga.Ayyuka, tarwatsawa/tsarin ragewa, da sauransu. Ciki har da yadudduka da kayan haɗi kamar igiyoyi da yanar gizo.
Hanya
1. Samfur da pre-aiki
Mahimmin matakai don gano nau'in rini akan filayen cellulose shine samfuri da samfurin pretreatment.Lokacin ɗaukar samfur, yakamata a ɗauki sassan rini ɗaya.Idan samfurin ya ƙunshi sautuna da yawa, kowane launi ya kamata a ɗauka.Idan ana buƙatar ganewar fiber, nau'in fiber ya kamata a tabbatar da shi bisa ga daidaitattun FZ/TO1057.Idan akwai datti, mai, da slurry akan samfurin da zai shafi gwajin, dole ne a bi da shi tare da wanka a cikin ruwan zafi a 60-70 ° C na minti 15, wanke, kuma bushe.Idan an san samfurin ya ƙare, yi amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa.
1) A yi maganin guduro na uric acid tare da 1% hydrochloric acid a 70-80 ° C na minti 15, wanke kuma bushe.
2) Don guduro acrylic, samfurin za a iya refluxed a 50-100 sau na 2-3 hours, sa'an nan kuma wanke da bushe.
3) Za a iya bi da resin silicone da sabulu 5g/L da 5g/L sodium carbonate 90cI na tsawon mintuna 15, a wanke a bushe.
2. Hanyar ganewa na dyes kai tsaye
Tafasa samfurin tare da 5 zuwa 10 ml na maganin ruwa mai ƙunshe da 1 ml na ruwan ammonia da aka tattara don cire rini gaba ɗaya.
Za a fitar da samfurin da aka ciro, sai a saka 10-30mg na farin zanen auduga da 5-50mg na sodium chloride a cikin maganin cirewar, a tafasa don 40-80s, bar shi ya huce sannan a wanke da ruwa.Idan an yi wa farar audugar rini zuwa kusan launi iri ɗaya da samfurin, za a iya cewa rini da aka yi amfani da shi don rina samfurin rini ne kai tsaye.
3. Yadda za a gane rini na sulfur
Sanya samfurin 100-300mg a cikin bututun gwaji na 35mL, ƙara ruwa 2-3mL, 1-2mL 10% sodium carbonate solution da 200-400mg sodium sulfide, zafi da tafasa don minti 1-2, fitar da 25-50mg farar auduga da yatsa. 10-20mg samfurin sodium chloride a cikin bututun gwaji.Tafasa don minti 1-2.Cire shi kuma sanya shi a kan takarda mai tacewa don ba shi damar sake yin oxidize.Idan hasken launi ya yi kama da launi na asali kuma kawai ya bambanta a cikin inuwa, ana iya la'akari da sulfide ko sulfide vat dye.
4. Yadda ake gane rini
Sanya samfurin 100-300mg a cikin bututun gwaji na 35mL, ƙara ruwa 2-3mL da 0.5-1mL 10% sodium hydroxide bayani, zafi da tafasa, sa'an nan kuma ƙara 10-20mg inshora foda, tafasa don 0.5-1min, fitar da samfurin a saka. shi a cikin 25-10% sodium hydroxide bayani.50mg farin zanen auduga da 0-20mg sodium chloride, ci gaba da tafasa don 40-80s, sa'an nan sanyi zuwa dakin zafin jiki.Fitar da rigar auduga da kuma sanya shi a kan takarda tace don oxidation.Idan launi bayan oxidation yayi kama da launi na asali, yana nuna kasancewar rini na vat.
5. Yadda ake gane rini na Naftol
Tafasa samfurin a cikin sau 100 adadin 1% hydrochloric acid bayani na minti 3.Bayan an wanke shi da ruwa sosai, tafasa shi da 5-10 ml na 1% ruwan ammonia na minti 2.Idan ba za a iya fitar da rini ba ko kuma adadin abin da aka cire ya yi kadan, to a yi maganin shi da sodium hydroxide da sodium dithionite.Bayan canza launin ko canza launin, ba za a iya dawo da asalin launi ba ko da an sanya shi a cikin iska, kuma ba za a iya tabbatar da kasancewar karfe ba.A wannan lokacin, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje 2 masu zuwa.Idan za a iya fitar da rini a cikin 1) gwaji, kuma a cikin 2) A gwajin, idan farar rigar auduga ta kasance launin rawaya kuma tana fitar da haske, ana iya cewa rini da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samfurin shine rini na Naftol.
1) Saka samfurin a cikin bututun gwaji, ƙara 5mL na pyridine sannan a tafasa don ganin ko an ciro rini.
2) Sanya samfurin a cikin bututun gwaji, ƙara 2 ml na 10% sodium hydroxide bayani da 5 ml na ethanol, ƙara 5 ml na ruwa da sodium dithionite bayan tafasa, da kuma tafasa don rage.Bayan an huce sai a tace sai a saka farar rigar auduga da 20-30 MG na sodium chloride a cikin tacewa, sai a tafasa na tsawon minti 1-2, a bar shi ya huce, sai a fitar da rigar auduga, sannan a duba ko rigar audugar tana kyalli lokacin da hasken ultraviolet ya haskaka.
6. Yadda ake gane dyes masu amsawa
Siffar rini mai amsawa ita ce suna da ingantacciyar alaƙar sinadarai masu ƙarfi tare da zaruruwa kuma suna da wahalar narkewa a cikin ruwa da sauran ƙarfi.A halin yanzu, babu takamaiman hanyar gwaji ta musamman.Za a iya yin gwajin launi da farko, ta amfani da 1: 1 maganin ruwa na dimethylamine da 100% dimethylformamide don canza launin samfurin.Rini wanda baya launi shine rini mai amsawa.Don na'urorin haɗi irin su bel ɗin auduga, ana amfani da rini masu amsawa ga muhalli.
7. Yadda ake gane fenti
Rubutun, wanda kuma aka sani da pigments, ba su da alaƙa ga zaruruwa kuma suna buƙatar gyarawa akan zaruruwan ta hanyar manne (yawanci adhesive resin).Ana iya amfani da microscope don dubawa.Da farko cire duk wani sitaci ko na'urar gama resin da za ta iya kasancewa akan samfurin don hana su tsoma baki tare da gano rini.Ƙara digo 1 na ethyl salicylate zuwa zaren da aka bi da shi a sama, rufe shi da zamewar murfin kuma duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa.Idan filayen fiber ɗin ya bayyana granular, ana iya gano shi azaman pigment mai haɗakar ruwa (Paint).
8. Yadda ake gane dyes phthalocyanin
Lokacin da aka jefa nitric acid mai da hankali akan samfurin, launin kore mai haske shine phthalocyanine.Bugu da ƙari, idan samfurin ya ƙone a cikin harshen wuta kuma ya juya a fili kore, kuma za'a iya tabbatar da cewa rini ne na phthalocyanine.
a karshe
Hanyar gano saurin da ke sama shine don saurin gano nau'ikan rini akan filayen cellulose.Ta hanyar matakan ganowa na sama:
Na farko, zai iya guje wa makanta ta hanyar dogaro kawai da nau'in rini da mai nema ya bayar da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton hukuncin dubawa;
Na biyu, ta wannan hanya mai sauƙi na tabbatar da niyya, yawancin hanyoyin gwajin tantancewa da ba dole ba za a iya rage su.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-29-2023